56 research outputs found
The Road Ahead for Networking: A Survey on ICN-IP Coexistence Solutions
In recent years, the current Internet has experienced an unexpected paradigm
shift in the usage model, which has pushed researchers towards the design of
the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm as a possible replacement of
the existing architecture. Even though both Academia and Industry have
investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of ICN, achieving the complete
replacement of the Internet Protocol (IP) is a challenging task.
Some research groups have already addressed the coexistence by designing
their own architectures, but none of those is the final solution to move
towards the future Internet considering the unaltered state of the networking.
To design such architecture, the research community needs now a comprehensive
overview of the existing solutions that have so far addressed the coexistence.
The purpose of this paper is to reach this goal by providing the first
comprehensive survey and classification of the coexistence architectures
according to their features (i.e., deployment approach, deployment scenarios,
addressed coexistence requirements and architecture or technology used) and
evaluation parameters (i.e., challenges emerging during the deployment and the
runtime behaviour of an architecture). We believe that this paper will finally
fill the gap required for moving towards the design of the final coexistence
architecture.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 3 table
Fair-RTT-DAS: A robust and efficient dynamic adaptive streaming over ICN
To sustain the adequate bandwidth demands over rapidly growing multimedia traffic and considering the effectiveness of Information-Centric Networking (ICN), recently, HTTP based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH) has been introduced over ICN, which significantly increases the network bandwidth utilisation. However, we identified that the inherent features of ICN also causes new vulnerabilities in the network. In this paper, we first propose a novel attack called as Bitrate Oscillation Attack (BOA), which exploits fundamental ICN characteristics: in-network caching and interest aggregation, to disrupt DASH functionality. In particular, the proposed attack forces the bitrate and resolution of video received by the attacked client to oscillate with high frequency and high amplitude during the streaming process. To detect and mitigate BOA, we design and implement a reactive countermeasure called Fair-RTT-DAS. Our solution ensures efficient bandwidth utilisation and improves the user perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) in the presence of varying content source locations. For this purpose, Fair-RTT-DAS consider DASH\u2019s two significant features: round-trip-time (RTT) and throughput fairness. In the presence of BOA in a network, our simulation results show an increase in the annoyance factor in user\u2019s spatial dimension, i.e., increase in oscillation frequency and amplitude. The results also show that our countermeasure significantly alleviates these adverse effects and makes dynamic adaptive streaming friendly to ICN\u2019s implicit features
Conformational adaptation of 2H-Tetraphenylporphyrin at Fe/Si(1 0 0) interface during metalation
a b s t r a c t Many recent studies have highlighted the possibility to tailor the physical and chemical properties of porphyrin at the molecular level to design novel catalysts, sensors and devices with applications in electronics, opto-electronics, etc. In the present work we study the electronic properties of 2H-Tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on iron (Fe) and iron silicide (Fe3Si) onto Si (1 0 0) substrate using X-ray and Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS & UPS). The results revealed that the iron atom is coordinated by TPP molecules at Fe/Si system. XPS results provide evidence of the iron coordination with TPP molecules. The UPS analysis show the fine structure in the electronic spectra related to HOMO states below the Fermi level
A comparative study between variable and fixed angle volar locking plates in management of unstable intra-articular distal radius fractures
Background: The current study is conducted to assess and compare the radiological and functional outcomes between variable and fixed angle volar plating in unstable intra-articular distal radius fractures.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from May 2018 to May 2020. A total of 156 patients were randomised into two groups A and B of 78 patients each. The plates were T or oblique fixed angle volar plate in group A and variable angle volar plate in group B. Patients were followed up for minimum 12 months. The functional outcome was measured by patient rated hand wrist evaluation score (PRHWE) and radiological outcome by radial height, volar tilt and radial inclination. The secondary objective was to correlate complications.Results: In our study average PRHWE score was better in group B (p<0.05). Radial height, volar tilt, radial inclination was much closer to anatomical wrist radiology was seen in group B. The most common complication was finger and wrist stiffness in group A.Conclusions: Patients treated with variable angle volar plate showed better results in functional and radiological outcomes at 12 months follow-up but limitations include short duration of follow up
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii leaves
Nanoparticles have a size of 1nm-100nm in any one of the three dimensions. Smaller nanoparticles have different
physical, chemical and biological properties than atoms and molecules. Metals, non-oxide ceramic materials, metal
oxides, silicates, and polymers, and organic and biomolecular components can be used to create material
nanoparticles. Nanoparticles come in various shapes, like spheres, platelets, cylinders, and tubes. Green synthesized
nanoparticles are not costly due to unemployment of toxic and hazardous compounds. Plants are widely spread, freely
accessible, and safe to touch. They also supply a variety of metabolic compounds which are advantageous in reducing,
capping and stabilizing process throughout in synthesis process. The reduction mechanism is based on the
phytochemicals present in plant extract. In present work we synthesize silver nanoparticles by using Murraya Koenigii
leaves through ecofriendly method. For synthesis of Silver nanoparticles, Silver nitrate (AgNO3
) used as metal precursor
salt and green extract of Murraya Koenigii used as reducing and capping agent for formation of nanoparticles. The
nanoparticles then formed characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive
spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical properties by UV-Visible
spectroscopy. XRD revealed the crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles, FESEM and Dynamic light scattering
reveled the particle size of 60 nm, FTIR revealed the presence of different functional groups which are attached with
sample and Optical properties of sample revealed by UV-Visible spectroscopy that also satis ies different experimental
results
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